Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jan 7;50(D1):D20-D26.
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab1112.

Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information

Eric W Sayers  1 , Evan E Bolton  1 , J Rodney Brister  1 , Kathi Canese  1 , Jessica Chan  1 , Donald C Comeau  1 , Ryan Connor  1 , Kathryn Funk  1 , Chris Kelly  1 , Sunghwan Kim  1 , Tom Madej  1 , Aron Marchler-Bauer  1 , Christopher Lanczycki  1 , Stacy Lathrop  1 , Zhiyong Lu  1 , Francoise Thibaud-Nissen  1 , Terence Murphy  1 , Lon Phan  1 , Yuri Skripchenko  1 , Tony Tse  1 , Jiyao Wang  1 , Rebecca Williams  1 , Barton W Trawick  1 , Kim D Pruitt  1 , Stephen T Sherry  1
Affiliations

Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information

Eric W Sayers et al. Nucleic Acids Res. .

Abstract

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) produces a variety of online information resources for biology, including the GenBank® nucleic acid sequence database and the PubMed® database of citations and abstracts published in life science journals. NCBI provides search and retrieval operations for most of these data from 35 distinct databases. The E-utilities serve as the programming interface for the most of these databases. Resources receiving significant updates in the past year include PubMed, PMC, Bookshelf, RefSeq, SRA, Virus, dbSNP, dbVar, ClinicalTrials.gov, MMDB, iCn3D and PubChem. These resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Annual growth rates of the number of records in each NCBI database as of 4 September 2021.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

  • Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
    Sayers EW, Beck J, Bolton EE, Brister JR, Chan J, Comeau DC, Connor R, DiCuccio M, Farrell CM, Feldgarden M, Fine AM, Funk K, Hatcher E, Hoeppner M, Kane M, Kannan S, Katz KS, Kelly C, Klimke W, Kim S, Kimchi A, Landrum M, Lathrop S, Lu Z, Malheiro A, Marchler-Bauer A, Murphy TD, Phan L, Prasad AB, Pujar S, Sawyer A, Schmieder E, Schneider VA, Schoch CL, Sharma S, Thibaud-Nissen F, Trawick BW, Venkatapathi T, Wang J, Pruitt KD, Sherry ST. Sayers EW, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D33-D43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad1044. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024. PMID: 37994677 Free PMC article.
  • Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information in 2023.
    Sayers EW, Bolton EE, Brister JR, Canese K, Chan J, Comeau DC, Farrell CM, Feldgarden M, Fine AM, Funk K, Hatcher E, Kannan S, Kelly C, Kim S, Klimke W, Landrum MJ, Lathrop S, Lu Z, Madden TL, Malheiro A, Marchler-Bauer A, Murphy TD, Phan L, Pujar S, Rangwala SH, Schneider VA, Tse T, Wang J, Ye J, Trawick BW, Pruitt KD, Sherry ST. Sayers EW, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023 Jan 6;51(D1):D29-D38. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac1032. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023. PMID: 36370100 Free PMC article.
  • Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
    Sayers EW, Beck J, Bolton EE, Bourexis D, Brister JR, Canese K, Comeau DC, Funk K, Kim S, Klimke W, Marchler-Bauer A, Landrum M, Lathrop S, Lu Z, Madden TL, O'Leary N, Phan L, Rangwala SH, Schneider VA, Skripchenko Y, Wang J, Ye J, Trawick BW, Pruitt KD, Sherry ST. Sayers EW, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Jan 8;49(D1):D10-D17. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa892. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021. PMID: 33095870 Free PMC article. Review.
  • Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
    Sayers EW, Agarwala R, Bolton EE, Brister JR, Canese K, Clark K, Connor R, Fiorini N, Funk K, Hefferon T, Holmes JB, Kim S, Kimchi A, Kitts PA, Lathrop S, Lu Z, Madden TL, Marchler-Bauer A, Phan L, Schneider VA, Schoch CL, Pruitt KD, Ostell J. Sayers EW, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019 Jan 8;47(D1):D23-D28. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky1069. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019. PMID: 30395293 Free PMC article.
  • Education resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
    Cooper PS, Lipshultz D, Matten WT, McGinnis SD, Pechous S, Romiti ML, Tao T, Valjavec-Gratian M, Sayers EW. Cooper PS, et al. Brief Bioinform. 2010 Nov;11(6):563-9. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbq022. Epub 2010 Jun 22. Brief Bioinform. 2010. PMID: 20570844 Free PMC article. Review.
See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Sayers E.W., Beck J., Bolton E.E., Bourexis D., Brister J.R., Canese K., Comeau D.C., Funk K., Kim S., Klimke W.et al. .. Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021; 49:D10–D17. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schuler G.D., Epstein J.A., Ohkawa H., Kans J.A.. Entrez: molecular biology database and retrieval system. Methods Enzymol. 1996; 266:141–162. - PubMed
    1. Sayers E.W., Cavanaugh M., Clark K., Pruitt K.D., Schoch C.L., Sherry S.T., Karsch-Mizrachi I.. GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021; 49:D92–D96. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Harrison P.W., Ahamed A., Aslam R., Alako B.T.F., Burgin J., Buso N., Courtot M., Fan J., Gupta D., Haseeb M.et al. .. The european nucleotide archive in 2020. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021; 49:D82–D85. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fukuda A., Kodama Y., Mashima J., Fujisawa T., Ogasawara O.. DDBJ update: streamlining submission and access of human data. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021; 49:D71–D75. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types